Hungarológiai Közlemények

PHRASEOLOGICAL INTERNATIONALISMS IN HUNGARIAN AND SERBIAN

2024-02-20T10:57:54+00:00

Phraseological units are a prominent area of the lexicology of any language. Two types of tendencies can be observed within the phraseology of a language. On the one hand, their concrete surface realization is limited by the system and the linguistic potential of the language, the specific cultural and historical background of the language community, and on the other hand, they mostly contain universal human truths and factual statements that can be found in other languages as well. When comparing the phraseology of two or more languages, we can distinguish three main forms of correspondence: identical structures, partially identical structures with the same meaning expressed by other structural elements, and structures with zero equivalence. The study deals with Hungarian and Serbian idioms, which have the same lexical structure, with the aim of establishing the origin of this similarity, specifically whether they are borrowings, or whether they were created as a result of parallel development, following the same approach in the two languages.

THE ORIGIN AND USE OF THE ROMANI LOANWORD BIBOLDÓ IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE

2024-02-20T10:57:56+00:00

This paper presents the results of a multi-respondent questionnaire survey on familiarity with, and certain characteristics of the usage of, Hungarian words of Romani origin among majority speakers, on the example of biboldó ‘Jew(ish)’. The paper argues that the increased use of Romani loanwords also affects colloquial language. The change identified in the majority of the words studied is now independent of the Romani language, and the use of and familiarity with the words is associated with the speaker’s sex, social background, region and education, among other factors. Based on the lexeme biboldó, the paper shows that there is a difference between active and passive word knowledge, which is related to meaning, especially in the case of taboo words.

LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH ON BILINGUALISM (FROM 1990 TO 2021)

2024-02-20T10:57:56+00:00

In this paper a longitudinal research will be presented, which aimed to explore the complexity and temporal dynamics of bilingualism. The data were collected in Kétegyháza, a Romanian settlement in Hungary, during four fieldworks (in 1990, in 2000, in 2010, and in 2021). The analysis of the data was carried out in the framework of theoretical and methodological development of sociolinguistics. The corpus, built up over thirty years, contains a total of 408 documented units. Within this, audio recordings were made with 20 people from 1990 four times (this means 80 documented units). The presented results refer to bilingualism and related social changes registered in the past three decades.

SERBIAN LANGUAGE USE IN SPECIFIC SPEECH SITUATIONS

2024-02-20T10:57:57+00:00

Serbian language learning and linguistic attitudes towards the Serbian language are topical issues in the language learning of Hungarian-speaking secondary school students in Vojvodina, therefore this paper deals with this topic. The study examines certain issues of Serbian language use by 3rd and 4th-grade Hungarian-speaking secondary school students in Vojvodina: speech situations in which Serbian is useful for them, and what the respondents do to learn Serbian. We also look at the Serbian websites our interviewees visited. By using the stratified sampling criterion, in addition to presenting the total sample of respondents (1,087 respondents), we also present the difference in opinions between Hungarian secondary school students living in block and scattered diaspora in Vojvodina, as well as between students in vocational or high schools. We aim to compare and correlate the data with other aspects of the attitudes of Hungarian-speaking secondary school students towards the Serbian language in Vojvodina.

LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE IN SENTA

2024-02-20T10:57:57+00:00

A key element of cultural familiarization is the language and the environment which we live in. In addition to verbal language, signs and posters placed in the physical space that surrounds us, also bear useful information about the relative roles of the languages in use, and the attitudes of the community towards them. Linguistic landscape research has become increasingly popular in the last two decades among linguists, as it helps in achieving a more accurate outlook on the observed speech community’s language use, as well as on the relationship between language and reality. This study focuses on the small town of Senta, located in Vojvodina, Serbia. It serves as an exemplary base for linguistic landscape study, as this region is known for its vast cultural and ethnic diversity. Documentation took place in October 2021, resulting in approximately one thousand photos taken and catalogued. This paper analyzes the relationship between Serbian as the language of the majority, and Hungarian as a minority language, comparing the use, prestige, and ethnolinguistic vitality of both languages.

PATTERNS OF HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE REGARD IN SZEGED AND VICINITY

2024-02-20T10:57:57+00:00

The paper presents a new research project started at the end of 2021 in Southern Hungary investigating language regard as the main motive of ongoing loss of Hungarian local dialects. After presenting the research briefly, we describe the main research questions, our main hypotheses and our sample of 126 respondents in three research sites. In the second part of the article, the paper describes the first experiences of our fieldwork performed in the three schools we are studying.

A POTENTIAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE MIDWIFE–WOMAN-IN-LABOUR INTERACTION

2024-02-20T10:57:57+00:00

In this paper, I outline the theoretical framework of a planned empirical research, the characteristics of doctor–patient communication, including midwife–woman- in-labour communication, the research material, the research method, the research questions and the expected results. Studies demonstrate that the conditions and outcome of childbirth and the health of the mother and child are also affected by the quality of the professional-pregnant woman relationship during childbirth. Several studies prove that effective communication and emotional support of parturient women improve the outcome of childbirth (reduction in duration of labour, number of caesarean sections, use of anesthesia, higher Apgar scores). Although there are several Hungarian researchers focus on the study of doctor–patient communication, the analysis of midwife–woman-in-labour interaction is an undisclosed area, and its presentation may provide important data for the linguistic aspects of this field.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN’S SPONTANEOUS SPEECH

2024-02-20T10:57:58+00:00

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of children’s language usage, with particular attention to the composition of their vocabulary, with the help of corpus linguistic investigations, such as word frequency and keyword analyses. The KorSzak Children’s Language Corpus, which is the basis of the present research, is a dynamic corpus for pedagogical purposes currently consisting of 73 recordings of twenty-seven children aged 11-15. During the video and audio recordings, the children-informants talk freely about particular topics (e.g. animals, leisure activities) in pairs or small groups. The current research presents, in detail, the informants’ most frequently used words, classifying them into word classes and lexical units associated with them and examining their lexico-grammatical patterns. The application of the investigation’s findings in language education will be discussed as an outlook of the presentation.

METONYMIC NAMES OF COMPLEX EVENTS IN A COGNITIVE MIRROR

2024-02-20T10:57:58+00:00

We formulate our knowledge of the world through a system of conceptual frameworks. Within the conceptual framework, events take place according to a certain scenario. This paper attempts to map the system of metonymic naming of complex events within a scenario. It focuses primarily on whether the sequential events at the beginning, middle or end of an event are the ones that substitute for, or represent, the whole event. A comparison of the Hungarian and Serbian example material also reveals that the scenario of events is often the same, yet the metonymic term refers to a different phase of the event or occurs in a linguistically different structure. Differences may have cultural implications, but different perspectives may also be reflected in the linguistic solutions.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SERBIAN ORIGINAL ISSUES AND HUNGARIAN TRANSLATIONS OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA

2024-02-20T10:57:58+00:00

There are currently five national minority languages in official use in Vojvodina, among which is Hungarian. This means that the Hungarian Group of the Provincial Translation Service regularly provides the translation of legislation and acts that must be published in the Official Journal of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. This work is about the translation of some published issues, analyzes the translation techniques, mistakes and solutions, and also covers the situations in which the source language influenced the target language.

PROBLEMS OF THE OFFICIAL USE OF HUNGARIAN PLACE NAMES IN VOJVODINA

2024-02-20T10:57:58+00:00

Twenty years ago the Federal Law on the Rights of National Minorities and the Decision of the Provincial Assembly on the official use of the languages and writings of national minorities in Vojvodina gave direct impetus to the settlement of the official status of Hungarian place names in Vojvodina. In 2003 the Language Committee of the National Council of the Hungarian Minority dealt in several meetings with the issue of place names of the settlements in which Hungarian is also an official language. In 2004, they discussed the nomenclature of settlements where the Hungarian language is not in official use. The proposal was enacted and published in the Provincial Official Gazette. There are some problematic names of which some differ from those recognized by the Hungarian Geographical Names Committee, of others there is no public knowledge or are completely different from the ones preferred by the majority nation, and there are even some which were entered into the list in a wrong form. Some of the newly put place name signs have been vandalized due to the strangeness of the name or because the settlement has only a small Hungarian population.